AFuxingtrainpoweredbybothinternalco, launchedintooperationonJune25,2021, asternTibettotherailnetwork, andmarkedamilestoneasthesetrainsarenowinoperationacrossallofChinaP-, Chinahad37,900kmofoperationalHSR, accountingfor69percentoftheworld, 700km (36percentofChinastotal) ofrailwayswithamaximumoperatingspeedof300-350km / h, and24,200km (64percent) withamaximumoperatingspeedof200-250km / h.-sFuxingtrainsoperateataspeedof350km / hon1,910kmofHSRlines, includingtheBeijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Tianjin, Beijing-Zhangjiakou, sthattravelat350km / edcapabilitiestotheworld.-sHSRnetworkstretchesfromnortheastforestsandsnowyplainstotheYangtzeRiverDeltainthesouth, fromthenorthwestGobiDeserttotheeasterncoastoftheEastChinaSea, sandfourmajoreast-westroutes, butisbeingexpandedtocreateadensenetworkofroutesbas: engineeringconstruction, equipmentmanufacturing ,, andhasbecomeaworldleaderinanumberoffields, makingthesignificanttransitionfromstragglertopacesetter.-EngineeringconstructionDuetoChinascomplexanddiverseterrainandclimate, constructionof theHSRnetworkhasrequiredovercomingsomeoftheworldsmostdifficulttechnicalchallenges, includingintheareasofrailwayfoundations, tracks, longandlargebridgesandtunnels, masstransitstations ,, ChinahasdevelopedacompletesetoftechnologiesfotzeRiverBridgeandtheWufengshanYangtzeRiverBridge, bothofwhichhavemainspansexceeding1km; sixworld-classHSRbridgeseachwithaspanexceeding500m, includingtheTianxingzhouYangtzeRiverBridgeinWuhan; morethan100HSRtunnelsover10kminlength, includingtheShiziyangTunnelontheGuangzhou-Shenzhen-HongKongexpressraillinkandtheQinlingtunnelsontheXian-ChengduHSRroute; andmanymodernHSRhubstations, includingBeijingSouth, ShanghaiHongqiao ,, theBeijing-ShanghaiHSRwontheNationalAwardfortheAdvancementofScienceandTechnology, andseveralHSRbridgesandtunnelshavewontheindustryshighestawardsissuedbytheInternationalTunnelandUndergroundSpaceAssociation (ITA-AITES) andtheInternationalBridgeConference ( IBC) .- HSRTEChnologyAndequipmentFollowingTheIntroductionofadvancedtechnologyfromabroad,ChinajointlydesignedandbuilttheHexiebullet (alsoknownaselectricmultipleunit (EMU)), afterperseveringwithindependentinnovation, Chinabrokethroughtechnicalbottleneckstodeveloptheworld-classFuxingChineseStandardizedEMU, featuringcompletelyindependentintellectualproperty, whichincludestheFuxingIntelligentEMUmodel, theworldsfirsttraincapableofautomaticoperationat350km / desintherangeof160-350km / h, whichcanbeadaptedtooperateinharshenvironments, suchasplateaus, extremely-coldareas, highwinds ,, whentheLhasa-NyingchiRailwayopened, aFuxingPlateaudual-sourcepower-centralizedEMUdroveitswayintoTibetandreacheditsdestinationofLhasa, completingtheFuxingtrainshistoricmissiontoreachandconnectall31ofChinasprovinces (andautonomousregionsandmunicipalities ) .TomeettheuniquerequirementsofHSR, ChinaindependentlydevelopedtheCTCS-3controlsystemandbuiltadispatchcontrolsystemusingSCADA, givingthenetworkapowerful, safe ,, suchastheBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem, 5G, andbigdata, havebeensuccessfullyappliedtoHSR.-OperationsmanagementChinaha smasteredthefullgamutofHSRopera, cross-line (runningonHSRandconventionalrail) ndspeedclassesoverlongdistancesandacrosslinetypestoofferhigh-densitypublictransportationonbusyhigh-speedmainlinesandintercityrailways, withdepartureintervalsofjust4-5minutesatpeaktimes.-Safe, 700monitoredpoints, andfeaturesin-transitself-awareness, healthmanagement, andfaultdiagnosistechnologies ,, includinghigh-speedinspectionvehiclesandon-trackdetectionandsensingdevices, velopmentofnaturaldisaster (includingwind, rain, andsnow) monitoringequipmentaswellasforesdesireforabetterlifeandreformingthesupplystructureoftransportationinChina, apassengertransportationqualityimprovementplanandFuxingbrandstrategyhaveb, ChinasHSRsystemmeetsorsurpassesworld-leadingstandardsonsafety, efficiency, comfort, convenience, andcost.-SafetyChinasHSRputssafetyfirstandfoc "creatingsolidfoundations, meetingstandards, andraisingqualityandefficiency," aswellasathree-prongedsecuritysystemconsistingofhuman, material, andtechnologicaldefenses,whichenablescomprehensivemanagementoftheexternalsecuri, theaverageaccidentrateper100kmonChina, China, equivalentto232,000lapsaroundtheEarth ,, distinguishingitasthesafestHSRsystemintheworld.-EfficiencyAspartoftheoperationalefficiencyoftheHSRnetwork, traintimetablesaredynamicallyalteredeachdayoftheyeartooptimizeHSRsupply, a, thenationalrailwaysoperateanaverageofmorethan7,400HSRtrainsperday, inasHSRservicesisabouttwicethedensityofHSRinEurope.-ComfortChinasHSRlinesareconstructedfromballastlesstrack, withheavy-dutysuperlongsteelrailsandseamlesstracks, nce, ensuringlowvehiclevibrationacceleration, amplitude, andnoise ,, wheel-railcontact, andtrainairtightnesshavebeenaddressedtoimprovesafetyandrpersonperhour ,,, , offeringpassengersamorecomfortabletravelenvironment.-ConvenienceChinahasbuilttheworldslargestonlinerailwayticketingsystem (knownas12306) ,,,, mobilepayments, onlineseatselection, entryintostationsusingfacialrecognition ,, suchaspaperticketingandstationticketsaleswindows, havealsobeenretainedforthesakeoftheeld erlyandnon-internetusers, allofwhichhassignificantlyimprovedthequalityofserviceonChinasrailways.-CostTheaveragecostofanHSRfare (2016-20), andHSRsshareofrailws2019reportstatedthateventhoughmanyChineseHSRlineshaveahighproportionoftheirrouteonviaductsorintunnels, theChinesenetworkhasbeenbuiltatonlytwo-thirdstheaveragecostinothercountries, andtheeconomicrateofreturnispositive, givingreasontobeoptimisticaboutthelong-termeconomicviabilityofthemajortrunkrailways. (Thisarticleisanexcerptfrom "BuildingChinasImpressiveHigh-SpeedRail", byLuDongfu, originallyappearedinQiushiJournal, Englishedition ,, 2021).